New Italian articles on PSSD

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New Italian articles on PSSD

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Some antidepressants can lead to permanent sexual dysfunction, and Pssd is a syndrome about which little is yet known - Jan 25, 2021 https://it.businessinsider.com/alcuni-a ... cora-poco/

Also because of the pandemic, more and more people in Italy suffer from mental disorders such as depression. Many of these patients are treated with SSRI antidepressants: the acronym indicates a series of widespread molecules, at the base of well-known drugs such as, for example, Prozac and Seropram. Drugs that can lead, among the side effects, to disorders related to the sexual sphere. But for some years now, several patients have detected problems of this kind even long after they have stopped taking these drugs: this condition is known as Pssd, Post-SSRI Sexual Dysfunction, an iatrogenic syndrome (i.e. caused by a medicine) with serious repercussions on the quality of life, especially for younger people.

"Technically, these drugs are called SSRIs, an acronym that stands for 'selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors,' and are used in the treatment of a range of mental disorders, such as depression but also panic attacks or anxiety syndromes," Dr. Angelo Barbato, psychiatrist and researcher at the Research Unit for Quality of Care in Mental Health, part of the Department of Neuroscience at the Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, explains to Business Insider Italia. "The use of these drugs has increased a lot in recent years: in Italy in the last 15 years it has doubled, and the latest data collected say that every day 2.5 million compatriots take these drugs."

Some of them have developed sexual dysfunction after ending treatment. "The problem is just that. In fact, it is known that while taking these drugs can give problems such as difficulty in erection and reduced libido. 60-70% of those who take these drugs develop these side effects, which are dose-dependent and tend not to be persistent. This was already known. Now it has emerged that there are disorders of this type even in those who have stopped the treatment, with symptoms a bit more complex such as reduced sensitivity of the genital area, reduced ability to feel pleasure or anhedonic orgasms, that is achieved without feeling pleasure," Barbato says.

What revealed the existence of the syndrome were "the spontaneous statements of people who took the drugs and then reported these problems," the researcher recalls. "At some point, these reports were brought to the attention of researchers and psychiatrists, who collected a case history and in 2018 submitted a dossier to the drug control agencies (the Food and Drug Administration in the US and the Ema in Europe, ed.) asking that these side effects be included in the leaflet that illustrates the characteristics of the product." As far as Europe is concerned, "the EMEA carried out a preliminary investigation and subsequently gave indications to the countries to include this type of information in the package leaflet. This happened a year ago and Aifa, the Italian drug agency, has acquired the Ema's recommendation: so people who take these drugs should be informed of this risk by the doctors who prescribe them", Barbato says.

The syndrome still has several obscure aspects. "It is known that this effect occurs but our information stops there. We don't know in how many cases it occurs, we don't know if it regresses or not, we don't know what other factors may aggravate or reduce the risks of these drugs, and because SSRIs are many we don't know if there are some that give this problem and others that don't," summarizes the researcher. "I am part of a research group that looks at studies of psychotropic drugs, their efficacy, safety, and risks. Then there is a collateral group that deals with studying the mechanisms through which drugs manifest their effects, both beneficial and adverse. We also verify the prescriptive appropriateness, that is, how much the drugs really serve or are used inappropriately. This problem is widespread because the use of these drugs is growing."

According to Barbato, "the pandemic has worsened the mental health status of the population and there is a tendency for doctors to prescribe drugs of this type indiscriminately. Ninety-five percent of all prescribed antidepressants fall into the SSRI category and are overused: not all depressions respond to drugs, but psychological treatments are not widespread and many people resort to drugs, with limited benefits and a high risk of adverse events. Eighty percent of people with depression are prescribed such a medication, and of these we estimate that barely 20% have any real benefit. We therefore believe that an information process involving the doctors concerned is necessary: only a few days ago we had a meeting on the subject at the Ministry of Health."

The research project of which Dr. Barbato is a part has several goals. "In particular we want to: a) find out if prescribers are aware of this problem and if patients are informed about it: users have the impression that doctors, and especially psychiatrists, are not well aware of the situation and we want to do a survey among psychiatrists to make this verification b) study how many people have reported these effects after taking drugs and how they occur, what is the duration, which drugs are more at risk c) study what mechanisms of the central and peripheral nervous system determine these effects".

To bring to light the Pssd were the stories of those who suffer from it, like Laura (fictional name), who for 7 years is living with this problem. "In Italy, we have a chat group with which we keep in touch, as well as a website and other spaces on social networks where we discuss symptoms and any treatments tried; we keep up to date on the progress in recognition and scientific research and we also organize fundraisers to contribute to research." In the PSSD community, the young woman reveals, "there is honestly a lot of despair, these are really difficult conditions to accept and endure because they deprive you of fundamental components that outlined your personality and what you took for granted to be part of your human being. The package inserts recently have been updated with a brief warning and this can help people weigh the pros and cons a little better when prescribing." The problem remains for those already suffering from this syndrome. "We urgently need to get more attention from the medical and scientific world. If the answer to PSSD could be found, both in the sense of understanding its etiology and in the sense of finding a cure, these drugs, which are so prevalent, could be used by everyone in a safer and more informed way."



New Evidence on Post-SSRI Sexual Dysfunction (PSSD) - Feb 20, 2021 http://www.laltramedicina.it/notizie/nu ... ssri-pssd/

SSRI antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and SNRIs, selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, comprising numerous active ingredients, are the most widely used classes of psychotropic drugs today; not only are they the drugs of first choice for mood disorders such as major depression, but they are also prescribed for a variety of other disorders, such as anxiety, panic attacks, eating disorders, sleep disorders, in pain therapy, in some forms of headache and even as a treatment against premature ejaculation. Sexual side effects caused by these molecules are really very common: post-marketing studies report a prevalence that exceeds 50% among patients who use them; among the most common symptoms we remember the decrease in libido and the difficulty in reaching orgasm or anorgasmia.

In addition to these side effects, which were assumed to be reversible upon discontinuation of treatment, a new evidence has emerged from the reports of patients and has made its way into the medical literature, starting from the first case reports dating back to 2006, which describe cases in which, after having made a "regular" use of these drugs and discontinued them, patients have not had any remission of sexual symptoms and indeed, in some cases those symptoms have appeared or worsened at the time of suspension.

Disappearance or reduction of erogenous sensation and sometimes tactile sensation in the genital area, arousal and erection, and anhedonic orgasm, i.e., mechanical and without pleasure, and other orgasmic disturbances, are some of the most common symptoms of post-SSRI sexual dysfunction (PSSD), a persistent syndrome affecting a subgroup of patients who have used serotonergic drugs; those who remain affected emphasize that, prior to such treatment, they had never experienced such symptomatology. A difficult condition to sustain, psychically traumatic and painful that, in males and females, even very young ones, jeopardizes their identity, what were their expectations and desires, of which sexuality and what revolves around it were naturally an integral part, as well as sentimental relationships that come to terms with something unexpected. Those who suffer from PSSD often compare it to a horrifying "permanent chemical castration", which they were never warned about before treatment, and which many physicians to whom they turn for help easily do not recognize the possibility, leaving the patient with "in addition to the damage, the mockery" and for which, worst of all, no cure is known today. The voices of patients and the commitment and courage of some specialists who have taken the problem to heart led the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in 2019 to conduct a careful review of the scientific literature and spontaneous reports received over the years, leading to the decision to require all SSRI and SNRI pharmaceutical companies to update drug indications with a new warning: "Cases have been observed in which symptoms of sexual dysfunction have persisted after discontinuation of treatment."

A clue, this, although evasive, which may be useful for those who will have to choose, weighing pros and cons, whether to undergo these treatments, and a meager "recognition" for those who, for years, was already supporting the dramatic and "unfair" condition. Over the course of 2020, one after another, the package inserts of these drugs have been updated. Patients, often faced with inadequate medical answers compared to the evidence they experience firsthand, are finding themselves online, where they compare and keep in touch with each other, form groups and associations nationally and internationally, open websites and organize fundraisers to contribute to the scientific research that is beginning to take hold. https://www.gofundme.com/f/27l8qmes5c.

Professor David Healy, psychiatrist, psychopharmacologist, scientist, and author, has been engaged on the research and outreach front on the topic of PSSD since 2012, when he noticed through his website Rxisk.org - which collects reports of adverse drug events - an unexpected number of reports of PSSD and also PGAD: persistent genital arousal disorder, which predominantly affects women and can be triggered precisely by the use and discontinuation of SSRIs and SNRIs. For these conditions, the etiology is currently unknown and there are no known resolving treatments. In 2018, Dr. Healy opened a fundraiser, the Rxisk Prize https://rxisk.org/prize/, designed to reward anyone who finds a cure for PSSD, with the goal of boosting research and drawing media attention to the problem. The prize now exceeds 100 thousand dollars. On the Italian front, important news dates back to 2020, when the Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research began planning the first phases of research, such as a study on psychiatrists' awareness and an epidemiological study, plus further ideas aimed at understanding the etiology of the syndrome.

One of the etiological hypotheses on PSSD that have been advanced over the years, namely that of neurosteroid imbalance in the nervous system following exposure to SSRIs, is being investigated by Professor Roberto Cosimo Melcangi at the University of Milan on an animal model. His research activity has already focused on another iatrogenic syndrome with symptoms quite similar to those of PSSD, namely post-finasteride syndrome. In a 2018 review, Melcangi hypothesized that the two syndromes may have etiological factors in common.

PSSD: emblem of something wrong in today's healthcare system

In PSSD itself, Dr. David Healy sees an emblem of what is a much broader problem that affects us all. A problem composed of an intertwining of factors that underlie the very functioning of the current drug-health system. To begin with, today "scientific validity" officially refers to RCTs, clinical trials: the results returned by them are considered the "evidence" that allows the approval of drugs. This is despite the fact that clinical trials are designed by the same pharmaceutical companies to meet a primary endpoint that is certainly not to detect the risks and damages caused by the drugs they want to market. To make matters worse, raw data from clinical trials are guarded by pharmaceutical companies and inaccessible to anyone else, even regulators such as the EMA or FDA. Articles in the literature are also written not by the actual authors of the clinical trials but by clever ghostwriters, tasked with highlighting what is wanted to be known. Dr. Healy is confident that the so-called evidence on which today's medicine is based is actually the largest collection of fake news on the planet. Data about drug risks are easily omitted or downplayed.

To support this dangerous "implant" there is also a conception of the drug by doctors and the health system that has forgotten a fundamental principle: a drug is primarily a poison, from which it is possible to derive a great benefit. Entering a substance in the body will interact with it causing a myriad of effects and of these, let's say, one hundred effects, one could be the desired one, while the other 99 undesired ones, which could be for us much more relevant than what we are looking for. In prescribing a drug and in taking it, a moral act, a judgment, a human encounter between doctor and patient is required. This is care.

But in recent decades, more and more, the Western world is witnessing a shift from health care to health services: systematic prescriptions of drugs that are supposed to prevent all sorts of health problems, but without considering all the harmful effects of those drugs that accumulate in the body and make us sick. In some industrialized countries life expectancy has begun to decline and to this overprescription of drugs Dr. Healy attributes a central responsibility that is being dangerously overlooked. Those who are harmed by drug treatment, as in the case of PSSD, witness a disconcerting scenario: they become practically invisible. The doctor to whom one turns, not finding documentary "evidence" in the medical literature, disavows the patient's testimony. Moreover, any report to the pharmacovigilance authorities will be considered as an "anecdote". People harmed by drugs are victims of an entire health system that, after having subjected them to risks without any act of "judgment", prefers to abandon and deny them, when these people, in the flesh, are themselves the most concrete and real evidence of the possible consequences of treatments.

In his latest book "The Shipwreck of the Singular" https://samizdathealth.org/shipwreck-of ... castaways/ David Healy explains how the healthcare system has evolved to reach this critical point that now requires our attention, but also a shared and courageous effort in the name of safeguarding all of us.

Those who wish to follow the conference can do so by clicking on this link: https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=mySezuvPBGk

______


Try to involve the media in your country by taking a cue from these articles: write emails to sites that deal with scientific news, medicine, health etc ... and accurately present the PSSD topic, also giving willingness to tell your testimony (also in anonymous form on the article to be published).
Last edited by anacleta on Mon Feb 22, 2021 5:03 pm, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: New Italian articles on PSSD

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POST-SSRI-SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION, AN EXAMPLE OF WHAT SCIENCE DOESN'T SAY Feb 22, 2021
https://www.glistatigenerali.com/medici ... -non-dice/

A little over a year ago you kindly published a letter from me on the topic of Post-SSRI Sexual Dysfunction (PSSD). I am writing back to you today for some updates that give hope to those of us who suffer from PSSD, but actually positive for everyone, given the increasing amount of prescription of serotonergic drugs (and related "risks") not only for mood disorders, but also anxiety, eating and sleep disorders, in pain therapies and other off-label indications. Good news concerns in particular the involvement of the Mario Negri Institute of Milan that is planning several studies on PSSD, starting with a medical awareness survey and an epidemiological study. Their efforts are also geared toward understanding the etiology, which is also necessary for the identification of a treatment or cure. Dr. Roberto C. Melcangi at the University of Milan is continuing the research on the long-term effects of SSRIs on neurosteroids, thanks to a recent fundraiser organized by patients with PSSD and still open. More details on the ongoing research can be found on the relevant Italian website.

I would like to take advantage of this space to shed some light on a rather shady picture that PSSD and the work of a specialist and author who is dealing with it have led me to investigate. What I am about to write is also a summary of this recent seminar by Professor David Healy. Before studying the most effective ways to distribute drugs to more and more people to prevent a wide variety of health problems, it is worth taking a look - and possibly a "cure" - at the very roots of today's drug-health system, because health problems can otherwise be created rather than prevented.

Every drug we take is a "poison" that interacting with our organism will have a multitude of effects, among which could be the one we are looking for, but among the other effects there could be something far more relevant to us that makes the risk-benefit ratio unfavorable. This concept seems to have been forgotten by health services that offer increasingly frequent and systematic prescriptions, despite the fact that it has been observed that polypharmacy in recent years has already reached the point of lowering life expectancy in some industrialized countries.

While in the past case reports on adverse events were the main source through which physicians could get information and updates on the possible effects of drugs, today journals are increasingly reluctant to publish "alarming" case reports, which are then defined as "anecdotal" and ignored, and the medical sector relies blindly on the results returned by RCTs (randomized controlled trials). Drugs are approved and marketed on the basis of the so-called "evidence", the proof of effectiveness obtained through clinical trials. But these are designed by the same pharmaceutical companies on the basis of a primary endpoint that is certainly not to detect the multiple side effects and damage produced by the drug they want to approve. In addition, RCT papers that end up in medical journals are written not by the real authors of the study, but by clever ghostwriters in charge of presenting the results in the best possible way, especially when the results actually return negative outcomes on the risk-benefit ratio. At the same time, raw data from clinical trials held by pharmaceutical companies are inaccessible to anyone, even pharmacovigilance agencies such as Aifa, EMA, FDA.

If you or a loved one were the victim of a drug adverse event and you went to report it to the doctor seeking support, the doctor would turn to the RCTs in the literature and if he found nothing documented there, he would probably deny that your experience could be traced to the drug; he would cease to see and hear you, you would become like "invisible." And in the event that he reports it to the pharmacovigilance agencies, or that you do, your "case" will be dismissed as "anecdotal." This is when you in the flesh should be the first and most immediate "evidence" of what the drug may be causing.

All this fits perfectly with the serious delay with which the pharmacovigilance agencies, first of all the European one (EMA), have required pharmaceutical companies to add a warning on the indications of SSRI and SNRI drugs about the possible persistence of symptoms of sexual dysfunction after the interruption of treatment, despite years and years of spontaneous reports received, and only after a citizen's solicitation advanced by specialists who care about the truth. It goes with the direct experience of almost all patients with PSSD to date who, faced with the evidence experienced on their skin, have turned to doctors receiving skeptical answers, denial or even arrogance and derision in the face of their insistence and concern, instead of experiencing the encounter with a doctor attentive and willing to listen, deepen and learn.

One of these rare physicians is Dr. David Healy, arguably the world's most knowledgeable and involved on the issue of PSSD both from a scientific perspective and as a work of outreach. He sees PSSD as an emblem of the dangerous results returned by the current health care system and in his latest book "Shipwreck of the Singular" he explains how we have moved from health care to increasingly dehumanizing health care services and have reached this critical point that now requires our attention and also a shared and courageous effort to recover what is worthy of being called Care.
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Re: New Italian articles on PSSD

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WHEN ANTIDEPRESSANTS LEAD TO DEPRESSION - May 28, 2021, https://vdnews.tv/article/quando-antide ... epressione


Going into depression because of antidepressants. It happens to thousands of people in Italy (and ours is an underestimate, considering that an accurate medical study on the phenomena we are going to talk about has not yet been done). The premise is that the stories we are going to tell do not want in any way to suggest a condemnation without appeal of antidepressant drugs (we will refer mainly - but not exclusively - to SSRIs, serotonin enhancers), drugs that continue to be a decisive help in many cases of major depression with suicidal instincts. About 2.5 million people in Italy take this type of drug every day. This was revealed to VD by Professor Angelo Barbato of the Mario Negri Institute, the Italian excellence in pharmacological research. "And the trend," explains Barbato, "is clearly increasing: it is estimated that sales have doubled in about 15 years." Along with sales - and consumption - another value is also growing: the number of people suffering from side effects and sexual dysfunction from SSRIs defined by some interviewees as "devastating". We asked for an opinion on the testimonies collected and also offered space to some of the major pharmaceutical companies producing serotonergic drugs, which did not respond.

Antidepressants: light prescription
How do you get to antidepressants? One of the problems that emerged during our research is the ease, or 'lightness', as some respondents described it, with which some doctors prescribe SSRI or similar drugs. Some people started using SSRI drugs after only one panic attack. This is the case of Alberto, a 30-year-old from Tuscany, who up to that moment was living 'a joyful life. I was a joker, I loved joking with my friends. Now if a loved one died, I wouldn't react in any way. I don't feel depressed, I don't feel anything, I'm a zombie,' he tells VD. Simone is also in his early thirties and has been seeing a psychiatrist to treat insomnia. "I wasn't suicidal, but now I'm depressed because of sexual problems I've had for a few years. Some of the interviewees also went to the doctor - and then started taking SSRIs - for very serious problems: depression, self-isolation, attempted suicide. Even in their cases, however, 'the benefits brought by the drugs are little compared to the problems that arise, which last for years after stopping taking the pills'.

What is PSSD and what are the side effects of antidepressants?
It is called Pssd (Post-SSRI Sexual Dysfunction): it is the iatrogenic pathology (due to a drug), caused by SSRI and SNRI drugs, characterised by sexual and emotional dysfunctions. Dysfunctions that sometimes persist for years, leading the person into a state of depression. Elisa, for example, first used antidepressants when she was a minor. She went to a child psychiatrist for obsessive compulsive disorder. Shortly after starting therapy she noticed an inability to have orgasms. After three years, however, Elisa stopped the medication and the sexual dysfunction gradually disappeared. The problems came four years later: the psychiatrist prescribed another SSRI drug. Elisa was reminded of the sexual dysfunction she had experienced years before, but the psychiatrist played down the possible effects. On the second day of treatment Elisa was frightened: While washing herself she noticed a complete "clitoral anaesthesia. In just 48 hours it was as if a part of my body had disappeared. Mindful of the dysfunctions she had experienced years before, Elisa decided to stop the treatment immediately. Today, a year later, "it's as if I were still on antidepressants. I have the same effects and I'm putting my psychological health at risk. Nobody is willing to give up their sexuality.

A story very similar to Alberto's, who remembers exactly the day his life changed: 'I woke up on 13 March, opened my eyes and realised something was missing. It was as if a part of me no longer existed. My instinct was to touch myself there, in the genital area. And I discovered that it was completely anaesthetised. I will never forget that day. Alberto had been taking an SSRI drug - to treat panic attacks - for four years, and had stopped taking it a few days before that bitter 13th March. "Today, two months later, nothing has changed. Day after day, the symptoms have accumulated: zero libido, emotional numbness, confusion. "The pain threshold has risen all over my body. If you pinch me I don't feel anything now. And the thread linking all these stories is summed up by Alberto himself, a sentence repeated by all: 'Before I had never had this kind of trouble'. Luca, twenty years old, also started to develop symptoms after finishing a treatment that had been going on for four years: gradually premature ejaculation appeared, emotionality decreased, libido dropped to zero and cognitive dysfunctions arose. Luca is distracted: 'I still live events as if immersed in a blurry slime,' he explains to VD. In his case, the treatment had started because, at just eighteen years old, he appeared 'pessimistic and worried'. "But at the time, underneath the depression, which I experienced as a boulder, there was me pushing to get out. Now under the boulder there is nothing. I no longer feel like a human being, I face life as a slalom between difficulties, I exist but I don't live. I don't live a good meal, I don't live a day at the beach, if I sleep I don't rest, I don't feel anything when I hear the birds".

Side effects that last for years
The persistence of these undesirable effects, for years, even after the end of treatment, is a striking feature, often not indicated on the leaflet. Years of dissatisfaction in sexual relations, of dysfunctions that become chronic. "In my case,' Rebecca tells VD, 'I didn't even pay that much attention to it, because I thought it was a superfluous aspect of my life, a problem I didn't have to worry about. But those who do decide to talk about it still have to deal with doctors (very often the same ones who have prescribed the drug rather lightly) who are sceptical, deny or downplay the effects, or barely know about them. This is the subject of an interesting (and in some ways pioneering) study by Dr David Healy, an Irish doctor considered to be one of the leading experts on PSSD. Patients who participated in Professor Healy's study describe their doctors and their experiences, highlighting the need for greater awareness in the medical community: 'He told me it was impossible'; 'He said the problems were all in my head', some patients explain.

Others are ignored or laughed at ('You should change partners') or realise that, for their doctors, sexual dysfunction is of very little interest. One patient is even advised to undergo electroconvulsive therapy. The people interviewed by VD have similar experiences: 'When I told them about my genital anaesthesia, the doctor made me realise that I was exaggerating,' says Elisa. Virginia's specialists, on the other hand, first prescribed old-generation antidepressants ('real bombs'), then underestimated the negative effects: 'Those drugs cancelled me out, I couldn't feel anything. I was absent and hysterical, without libido: I can't feel orgasms even now. I couldn't sleep anymore, I didn't recognise myself. Various disorders accumulated over time. But when I talked about it, the doctors would listen to me for five minutes and then prescribe more antidepressants,' Virginia explains. Luca's andrologist told him, 'You belong in psychiatry,' claiming that the SSRI drugs were not the cause of his sexual dysfunction. Before that, however, Luca's sex life was fully satisfactory.

A difficult balance
The balance between the advantages of treating the initial disorder and the disadvantages of the dysfunctions that arise after the start of treatment (or once treatment has ended) is negative. "The dysfunctions were already known, and are widely predicted in the leaflet accompanying each SSRI drug,' explains Professor Barbato. "However, it was believed that these effects were linked to use, and disappeared when the drug was stopped. Now, however, we are noticing - and there are many reports - that the symptoms persist, and sometimes arise, even after the course of administration'. Professor Barbato says that there are many reports: hundreds of them alone that he has collected. In fact, patients are gathering in small virtual communities, like the one represented by Laura, a 30-year-old PSSD sufferer. "Those who suffer from this disease,' Laura explains, 'are basically abandoned. They have to find their own strength and funds to take care of themselves. There are about fifty of us in our group, and we raise funds to finance research into PSSD. We do it ourselves, without the support of agencies or institutions. The issue, however, revolves around greater awareness on everyone's part: 'Doctors should be more judicious in prescribing, more aware of the effects. And then they should recognise that a problem exists,' Laura adds. "It seems to us too,' echoes Professor Barbato, 'that the problem is underestimated. There is an unintentional conspiracy of silence'.

A study to break the silence
The next steps will be taken at the Mario Negri Institute, where Professor Barbato works. A study is already planned: it will analyse the negative effects on a significant sample of patients who have taken SSRIs. At that point we will probably understand what incidence the disorders we are talking about have in the Italian population. "PSSD is a problem that should involve institutions: those who have been affected by it have seriously worsened their psychophysical condition," explains Laura. "It doesn't happen to everyone who takes these drugs, but it is unpredictable and in this sense it should concern everyone: they could be used in a safer and more conscious way if there was more clarity and awareness on the part of the medical class and transparency about the risks". Professor Barbato agrees: 'It's a serious problem that doctors still don't adequately consider. No longer having a sex life is, especially for young people, a serious problem. It leads to problems of self-esteem, social withdrawal, shame, difficulty in forming social relationships. Illnesses that are too quickly labelled as depression, hastily linked by some doctors to the disorders for which the patient has started taking antidepressants: so others are prescribed, in an endless loop from which it is difficult to escape.
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Re: New Italian articles on PSSD

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Interesting, thanks for posting.
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